Konditionierende Psychose – Eine neue Form der Epilepsiepsychose? Ein Fallbericht über die bidirektionale Verknüpfung von Epilepsie und Psychose^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Epilepsiepsychosen bzw. Epilepsie und Psychosen stellen eine wichtige neuropsychiatrische Schnittstelle im klinischen Alltag dar. Epilepsie und Psychosen sind jedoch nicht nur durch klinische Phänomene eng miteinander verknüpft, sondern könnten sich auch bei der Entstehung gegenseitig bedingen. So gibt es Hinweise, dass epileptische Anfälle über viele Jahre chronische Psychosen induzieren können. Zur Klärung der Frage, ob Psychosen auch Epilepsie auslösen können, bedarf es weiterer Belege.

Fallbericht Wir berichten den Fall eines 28-jährigen Patienten mit einer chronischen Psychose seit der Kindheit, der im Verlauf eine Epilepsie entwickelt hat. Unter medikamentöser Behandlung remittierten Psychose und epileptische Anfälle.

Ergebnis 1.) Der vorliegende Fall könnte ein weiterer Beleg für die bidirektionale Kausalität von Epilepsie und Psychose sein. 2.) Als Sonderform einer interiktalen Psychose könnte der Begriff konditionierende Psychose die aktuelle Klassifikation ergänzen.

Abstract

Introduction Epilepsy and psychosis are not only closely related by clinical phenomena but presumably by causal factors, too. There is evidence that long-standing epileptic seizures can induce chronic psychosis. Whether chronic psychosis can cause epilepsy remains to be further investigated.

Case Report We report a case of a 28-year-old man with chronic psychosis since early childhood who developed epilepsy many years after the onset of the psychosis. Medical treatment resulted in complete remission of psychosis and seizures.

Conclusion 1.) This case could be a further example for the bidirectional causality of psychosis and epilepsy. 2.) A conditioning psychosis could be understood as a variety of interictal psychosis and complement current classifications.

Schlüsselwörter

Epilepsiepsychosen - Psychosen - Epilepsie

Key words

epileptic psychosis - psychosis - epilepsy

• Literatur

• 1 Adachi N, Akanuma N, Fenwick P. et al. Seizure activity and individual vulnerability on first-episode interictal psychosis in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 79: 234-238 . doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.012
• 2 Vestergaard M, Pedersen CB, Christensen J. et al. Febrile seizures and risk of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2005; 73: 343-349 . doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.07.004
• 3 Koch-Stoecker SC, Bien CG, Schulz R. et al. Psychiatric lifetime diagnoses are associated with a reduced chance of seizure freedom after temporal lobe surgery. Epilepsia 2017; 58: 983-993 . doi:10.1111/epi.13736
• 4 Slater E, Roth M. Mayer-Gross Slater and Roth clinical psychiatry. 3. . Aufl. London: Bailliere, Tindall & Cassell; 1969
• 5 Adachi N, Akanuma N, Ito M. et al. Epileptic, organic and genetic vulnerabilities for timing of the development of interictal psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 196: 212-216 . doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.056721
• 6 Kanemoto K, Tadokoro Y, Oshima T. Psychotic illness in patients with epilepsy. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2012; 5: 321-334 . doi:10.1177/1756285612454180
• 7 Sachdev P. Schizophrenia-like psychosis and epilepsy: the status of the association. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 325-336 . doi:10.1176/ajp.155.3.325
• 8 Fernandez-Torre JL, Kaplan PW, Hernandez-Hernandez MA. New understanding of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults: treatments and challenges. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15: 1455-1473 . doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1115719
• 9 Adachi N, Matsuura M, Hara T. et al. Psychoses and epilepsy: are interictal and postictal psychoses distinct clinical entities?. Epilepsia 2002; 43: 1574-1582 . doi:epi22402 [pii]
• 10 Adachi N, Matsuura M, Okubo Y. et al. Predictive variables of interictal psychosis in epilepsy. Neurology 2000; 55: 1310-1314
• 11 Kanemoto K, Kawasaki J, Kawai I. Postictal psychosis: a comparison with acute interictal and chronic psychoses. Epilepsia 1996; 37: 551-556
• 12 Kanemoto K, Tsuji T, Kawasaki J. Reexamination of interictal psychoses based on DSM IV psychosis classification and international epilepsy classification. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 98-103 . doi:epi09000 [pii]
• 13 Slater E, Beard AW, Glithero E. Schizophrenia-Like Psychoses of Epilepsy. Int J Psychiatry 1965; 1: 6-30
• 14 Tadokoro Y, Oshima T, Kanemoto K. Interictal psychoses in comparison with schizophrenia – a prospective study. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 2345-2351 . doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01230.x
• 15 Maguire M, Singh J, Marson A. Epilepsy and psychosis: a practical approach. Pract Neurol 2018; 18: 106-114 . doi:10.1136/practneurol-2017-001775
• 16 Cersosimo R, Flesler S, Bartuluchi M. et al. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: study of 42 children. Seizure 2011; 20: 131-137 . doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2010.11.002
• 17 Heckers S, Konradi C. GABAergic mechanisms of hippocampal hyperactivity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 167: 4-11 . doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.041
• 18 Heckers S, Rauch SL, Goff D. et al. Impaired recruitment of the hippocampus during conscious recollection in schizophrenia. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1: 318-323 . doi:10.1038/1137
• 19 Krieckhaus EE, Donahoe JW, Morgan MA. Paranoid schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine hyperactivity of CA1 hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 31: 560-570
• 20 Malaspina D, Harkavy-Friedman J, Corcoran C. et al. Resting neural activity distinguishes subgroups of schizophrenia patients. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56: 931-937 . doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.013
• 21 Medoff DR, Holcomb HH, Lahti AC. et al. Probing the human hippocampus using rCBF: contrasts in schizophrenia. Hippocampus 2001; 11: 543-550 . doi:10.1002/hipo.1070
• 22 Molina V, Sanz J, Sarramea F. et al. Prefrontal atrophy in first episodes of schizophrenia associated with limbic metabolic hyperactivity. J Psychiatr Res 2005; 39: 117-127 . doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.06.008
• 23 Rutecki PA, Grossman RG, Armstrong D. et al. Electrophysiological connections between the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in patients with complex partial seizures. J Neurosurg 1989; 70: 667-675 . doi:10.3171/jns.1989.70.5.0667
• 24 Talati P, Rane S, Skinner J. et al. Increased hippocampal blood volume and normal blood flow in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232: 219-225 . doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.03.007
• 25 Venables PH. Hippocampal function and schizophrenia. Experimental psychological evidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 658: 111-127
• 26 Webb E. Hippocampal activity could be a biomarker for cognition, symptoms and medication response in schizophrenia patients. Biomark Med 2014; 8: 382
• 27 Wilson CL, Isokawa M, Babb TL. et al. Functional connections in the human temporal lobe. I. Analysis of limbic system pathways using neuronal responses evoked by electrical stimulation. Exp Brain Res 1990; 82: 279-292
• 28 Isgor C, Pare C, McDole B. et al. Expansion of the dentate mossy fiber-CA3 projection in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-enriched mouse hippocampus. Neuroscience 2015; 288: 10-23 . doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.036
• 29 Koyama R, Yamada MK, Fujisawa S. et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces hyperexcitable reentrant circuits in the dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 7215-7224 . doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2045-04.2004
• 30 Lyons MR, West AE. Mechanisms of specificity in neuronal activity-regulated gene transcription. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 94: 259-295 . doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.05.003
• 31 Nakahara S, Adachi M, Ito H. et al. Hippocampal Pathophysiology: Commonality Shared by Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Disorders. Neurosci J 2018 ; 2018: 4852359 . doi:10.1155/2018/4852359
• 32 Schmitz B, Trimble M. Psychiatrische Epileptologie, Psychiatrie für Epileptologen- Epileptologie für Psychiater. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag; 2005
• 33 Kanemoto K, Kawasaki J, Mori E. Violence and epilepsy: a close relation between violence and postictal psychosis. Epilepsia 1999; 40: 107-109
• 34 Chen Z, Lusicic A, O’Brien TJ. et al. Psychotic disorders induced by antiepileptic drugs in people with epilepsy. Brain 2016; 139: 2668-2678 .